LLOYD’S MARITIME INSTITUTE “LMI”
Before LNG cargo operations begin, LNG tanks must go through a highly controlled preparation process to ensure safety, operational integrity, and protection against extreme cryogenic temperatures.
Each LNG tank is fitted with dedicated systems including:
🔹 Filling lines
🔹 Spray lines
🔹 Discharge lines
🔹 Cargo pumps
The preparation sequence follows several critical stages:
1️⃣ 𝗗𝗿𝘆𝗶𝗻𝗴
Moist air inside the tank can freeze at cryogenic temperatures and create ice formation. Dry air is introduced through the filling lines to remove humidity and moisture from the tank atmosphere.
2️⃣ 𝗜𝗻𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴
Inert gas is then introduced to replace the dry air and eliminate oxygen, reducing the risk of flammable atmospheres inside the tank.
3️⃣ 𝗚𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴-𝗨𝗽
Because inert gas contains CO₂ that can freeze during LNG operations, it must be displaced. Warm LNG vapor is introduced via the spray lines to replace the inert gas and prepare the tank for cryogenic cooling.
4️⃣ 𝗖𝗼𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗗𝗼𝘄𝗻
This is one of the most critical stages. LNG is sprayed gradually into the tank to reduce temperature slowly and avoid thermal shock or structural stress. Temperatures are reduced to approximately -110°C to -130°C.
5️⃣ 𝗟𝗼𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴
Once the tank atmosphere and temperature are within safe operational limits, LNG loading operations can safely begin through the filling lines.
📌 In simple terms:
Remove moisture → Remove oxygen → Replace inert gas → Cool the tank → Load LNG
Behind every LNG transfer operation is a carefully engineered process built around precision, safety, and cryogenic control. ⚙️🌍
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